Type Back

Value Type & Reference Type

int a = 3;    //基本類型(堆棧), 基本類型只有作為類的屬性時才有默認值
Integer a = new Integer(3);    //對象(堆)

Object Reference & Pointer

//in java
C q = new C();    //q is an Object Reference

//in cpp
C *q = new C();    //q is an Pointer

Array

int[] a = new int[10];
int[] b = a;
b[1] = 1;    //a[1] = 1

Employee[] emArray =  new Employee[1];    //an array which stores object
                                        //references point to nothing.
emArray[0] = new Employee();
emArray[1] = new Employee();

//arraycopy(from, fromindex, to, toindex, num);

Equals() & ==

String s1 = "abc";
String s2 = "abc";
String s3 = new String("abc");

System.out.println(s1 == s2);    //true
System.out.println(s1 == s3);    //false
System.out.pritnln(s1.equals(s3));    //true

//equals() must be overrided when design a new class

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